Life & Style

The human brain is a marvel, mysterious, powerful, and at the same time, delicate. Every single thought, memory, and idea springs from this 1.3kg organ. But keeping it sharp doesn’t always mean doing more. Sometimes, the smartest move is knowing what not to do.Dr Baibing Chen, a professor of neurology at the University of Michigan, has seen it all, from memory lapses to full-blown cognitive decline. But when it comes to his own brain health, he shared a few secrets with ‘CNBC Make It’ that people need to know about. Even small shifts in daily life can have lasting effects on memory, focus, and brain resilience.Here’s all we need to know about what this top neurologist avoids, and what can actually be done instead to boost brain power naturally.

Dr Chen avoids using GPS too often. Why? A landmark study on London taxi drivers showed that their brains, especially the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory—were larger and more active than usual. Constant navigation without help was building their brain like a muscle.A similar pattern was noticed in professions like ambulance driving, where spatial awareness is constantly used. These individuals had significantly lower Alzheimer’s risk.When the brain doesn’t need to remember routes or use visual memory, those neural pathways begin to weaken. It’s like skipping leg day at the gym—eventually, those muscles fade.Try mentally mapping out short routes, recalling landmarks, or even drawing directions from memory. It’s a small habit that can keep the brain agile and alert.

Dr Chen warns against these sugar-packed, caffeine-laden drinks. While the instant jolt may feel like productivity, research reveals that excessive consumption may trigger sleep disorders, anxiety, and even seizures in extreme cases.Some energy drinks contain taurine and B vitamins in amounts that aren’t always regulated. These chemicals may interfere with natural brain function, disrupting sleep cycles and causing mental fog in the long run.A quick walk in the sun, a tall glass of lemon water, or even breathing exercises can refresh the brain more sustainably. Natural energy lasts longer—and doesn’t come with a neurological price tag.

Dr Chen has seen cases where frequent use of certain common medicines—like Pepto-Bismol—led to bismuth toxicity, mimicking symptoms of dementia. Zinc overdoses from misguided wellness trends even caused irreversible damage to the spinal cord in some patients.The issue isn’t the medicine itself—it’s the misuse. Even something as basic as cold remedies, when overused, can interfere with cognitive performance, especially in older individuals.When symptoms are mild, consider rest, hydration, or doctor-approved home remedies first. And always stick to prescribed dosages—not influencer advice.

Boosting brain power doesn’t always need biohacks or expensive supplements. Neurologists often suggest simple, grounding habits like:

Garland Pose, also known as Malasana, is a deep squat that opens the hips, stretches the inner thighs, and strengthens the pelvic floor. It’s a beginner-friendly Hatha yoga posture with numerous benefits, including improving blood circulation.

How to do it:

Stand with your feet about hip-width apart.

Bend your knees and lower your hips into a squat.

Keep your heels on the floor and your back straight.

Bring your palms together in front of your chest in a prayer position.

Use your elbows to gently push your knees apart.

Hold the pose for 30 to 40 seconds while breathing deeply.

This pose improves blood circulation to the legs and strengthens the thigh muscles. It also stretches the hips and helps flatten the belly.

Scientists dig up how diet changed and transformed society during the Bronze Age.

People these days are swapping wheat with a more nutritious grain – millet. But this isn’t just another modern health trend. Millets have been a staple in the diet for centuries. A recent study has found that millet was already revolutionizing diets as far as the Bronze Age.

People from the Tumulus culture, the ones who lived in Central Europe during the Middle Bronze Age, were believed to be mostly pastoralists. However, a recent study has challenged this long-held belief and given insight into the shifts seen around 1500 BC, including lifestyle changes in Central European history. The findings of the bioarchaeological investigation of the Bronze Age cemetery of Tiszafüred-Majoroshalom, led by an international research team, are published in the journal Scientific Reports. Around 1500 BC, there were radical changes in people’s lives: they ate and lived differently, and the social system was also reorganized.

Nitrogen isotope studies show that during the Middle Bronze Age, people had a more diverse diet, and social differences were clear, especially in who had access to animal protein. By the Late Bronze Age, these differences faded, and diets became more uniform but less nutritious.

The carbon isotope analyses found that people consumed millet. As the plant can be grown quickly and has a high energy content, it became quite a popular option towards the beginning of the Late Bronze Age. Yes, that’s right. Millets are no modern trend; they have been part of our diets for centuries. The data from the Tiszafüred Bronze Age cemetery indicate the earliest known consumption of millet in Europe.

Millets have numerous health benefits. Grown in India, Nigeria, and other Asian and African countries, the small round grains are gluten-free and have high amounts of protein, fiber, and antioxidants.One cup (174 grams) of cooked millet contains:

Social relationships changed during the Late Bronze Age. People stopped living in long-established, tightly organized tell-settlements and instead lived in smaller, more spread-out communities. This shift led to a looser and less structured social system, which also showed up in their diets. The analysis of the teeth and isotope tests revealed that people ate much less animal protein than before. This goes against the earlier belief that the Tumulus culture mainly focused on animal husbandry.Millets are today opted for their nutritional value and also as a gluten-free option, especially for those with gluten intolerance.

The story of Nirjala Ekadashi is one of the most famous ones and involves the Pandavas. It is believed that Bhim, the mighty Pandava, wanted to keep a fast but couldn’t because of his appetite. He loved food and found it very difficult to fast, even on Ekadashi. While the rest of his family observed every Ekadashi with devotion, Bhim could not bear the idea of staying hungry, let alone thirsty.
But when he felt left out and guilty, he approached a sage to share his sadness about it. And then it was advised to Bhim that he should observe just one Ekadashi fast in a year, the Nirjala Ekadashi, as it has the power, merit, and blessings, of all 24 Ekadashis.

Diabetes is a chronic, (mostly) irreversible and life-long condition, that affects millions of people globally. A chronic condition, Diabetes occurs when the body cannot regulate blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or the body’s inability to use insulin effectively. Over a period of time, diabetes can damage your heart, nerves, and even eyesight. Contrary to popular opinion, diabetes can occur in children as well, and can start from an extremely young age. But, what are the symptoms of diabetes in children? Let’s find out…

What Is Diabetes in Children?There are two main types of diabetes that can affect children:Type 1 Diabetes: This happens when the body’s immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps sugar enter the cells to be used for energy. Without insulin, sugar builds up in the blood.Type 2 Diabetes: This type happens when the body does not use insulin properly. It is more common in adults but is becoming more frequent in children due to unhealthy lifestyles.Both types cause high blood sugar levels, which can lead to serious health issues if not treated.Common Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes in ChildrenDiabetes symptoms in children can develop quickly, especially in Type 1 diabetes. Sometimes, symptoms may be mild and go unnoticed, so it’s important to watch closely.Frequent UrinationOne of the first signs is that the child urinates more often than usual. High blood sugar causes the kidneys to work harder to remove excess sugar, leading to more urine. This may mean waking up several times at night to urinate.Excessive ThirstBecause of frequent urination, the body loses a lot of water, making the child feel very thirsty. They may drink more water than usual and still feel thirsty.Increased Hunger Even though the child eats more, they may still feel hungry. This happens because the body’s cells are not getting enough sugar for energy, so the brain signals to eat more.Weight LossDespite eating more, children with diabetes may lose weight. This is because the body starts breaking down fat and muscle for energy when it cannot use sugar properly.Fatigue and WeaknessHigh blood sugar levels make children feel tired and weak. They may have less energy for play, school, or other activities.Blurred VisionHigh blood sugar can cause fluid to be pulled from the lenses of the eyes, affecting the child’s ability to focus clearly.Slow Healing of Cuts and WoundsDiabetes can affect the body’s ability to heal wounds and fight infections. Cuts or bruises may take longer to heal.Recurrent InfectionsChildren with diabetes may get infections more often, especially yeast infections or urinary tract infections.Warning Signs of a Serious Condition: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)If diabetes is not diagnosed and treated early, children can develop a dangerous condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This happens when the body starts breaking down fat too fast, producing harmful acids called ketones.

Symptoms of DKA include:Nausea and vomitingStomach painRapid breathingFruity-smelling breathConfusion or difficulty staying awakeDKA is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.Managing Diabetes in ChildrenManaging diabetes involves:Healthy Eating: Balanced meals with controlled sugar and carbohydrate intake.Regular Physical Activity: Helps control blood sugar and maintain a healthy weight.Medication: Children with Type 1 diabetes need insulin injections. Some children with Type 2 diabetes may need medication.Monitoring Blood Sugar: Regular checks to keep blood sugar within a safe range.Education: Teaching children and families about diabetes management.

Dr. Saurabh Sethi suggests strategic food pairings for enhanced health benefits. Combining cocoa with coffee boosts mood and focus, while blueberries and walnuts support brain health by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Pairing oats with yogurt promotes gut health through prebiotic and probiotic synergy, improving digestion and immunity.

What if food could be medicine? Not just to alleviate illnesses but also boost health? Eating nutrient-rich food is crucial for overall health. But how you pair it can have a significant impact on its effectiveness. Dr. Saurabh Sethi, a gastroenterologist trained at Harvard and Stanford, has shared some science-backed food pairings that can boost health. “Eating the right food is great.

But pairing the right foods together? That’s where real health magic begins. Let your plate become smarter. Pair better, absorb better, live better,” the California-based doctor said in a video shared on Instagram. Cocoa and coffee

One of Dr. Sethi’s top recommendations is adding cocoa to your morning coffee. This is indeed a match made in heaven. Pairing them enhances the unique properties of both ingredients and is beneficial for mental well-being. When you pair them, the caffeine from coffee and theobromine from cocoa work together to boost mood, focus, and clarity. Caffeine, a stimulant, enhances alertness, while theobromine, a compound in cocoa, promotes relaxation and sustained energy without the jitters. Who knew your morning cup of coffee could be the key to improving your cognitive performance and mood!Blueberries and walnuts

For brain health, Dr. Sethi recommends pairing blueberries with walnuts. This is because the polyphenols in blueberries and omega-3 fatty acids in walnuts can work together to boost your brain health. Polyphenols are antioxidants abundantly found in blueberries. These antioxidants combat oxidative stress, which is linked to cognitive decline. On the other hand, the omega-3s found in walnuts support brain cell membrane health and reduce inflammation. Blueberries are often called a superfood, as they are loaded with nutrients. Beyond boosting brain health, they also benefit heart health and digestion. Rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fiber, blueberries are low in calories, so you can munch on them without worrying about calories. So the next time you grab a handful of walnuts to snack on, pair them with a few blueberries.

Oats and yogurt

If you enjoy overnight oats, try soaking them in yogurt next time. Dr. Sethi emphasizes the benefits of the gut-friendly pairing. The prebiotic beta-glucan from oats complements the live microbes in yogurt. Beta-glucans, a type of soluble fiber in oats, act as prebiotics, feeding beneficial gut bacteria. The live cultures in yogurt, such as Lactobacillus, are probiotics that populate the gut with healthy microbes. This creates a symbiotic effect that enhances gut microbiome diversity, crucial for digestion, immunity, and even mental health. While choosing yogurt, ensure to stick to unsweetened ones for maximum benefits.

Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers in the world, where cells in the breast grow out of control, forming tumors. These tumors can spread to other parts of the body, potentially becoming life-threatening. Breast cancer most often begins in the milk ducts or lobules, but can also develop in other tissues. While breast cancer is fully treatable if caught early, doctors are trying to identify potential triggers that can prevent its onset in the first place. Here are 5 reasons that breast cancers are becoming more and more common…

Genetic MutationsOne of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer is inherited genetic mutations, especially in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These genes normally help protect cells from becoming cancerous. But when they mutate, this protection weakens, increasing the chance of breast cancer. Women with a BRCA1 mutation have up to a 72% lifetime risk, and those with BRCA2 have about a 69% risk of developing breast cancer. These mutations often lead to breast cancer at a younger age than usual. Because these genes run in families, women with close relatives who had breast or ovarian cancer should consider genetic testing and potential steps to minimise their risk of having cancer.Lifestyle FactorsLifestyle choices play a major role in breast cancer risk, especially for women aged 40-49. Being overweight or obese increases the risk because excess fat tissue produces more estrogen, a hormone that can fuel some breast cancers. Smoking is another serious risk factor; chemicals in cigarettes can damage breast cells and increase cancer chances. Interestingly, moderate physical activity can lower risk, but studies show that women who are only moderately active still face increased breast cancer rates compared to those who are more active. This suggests that staying physically active and maintaining a healthy weight are important ways to reduce breast cancer risk.Hormonal and Reproductive FactorsHormones have a big influence on breast cancer risk. Women who start menstruating early, go through menopause late, or use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for a long time have higher exposure to estrogen and progesterone, which can increase cancer risk. Pregnancy and breastfeeding also affect risk; women who have children earlier and breastfeed tend to have lower risk. Hormonal contraceptives may slightly increase risk, but this usually returns to normal after stopping them. These factors show how a woman’s lifetime exposure to hormones can impact breast cancer development.Metabolic HealthRecent research highlights the importance of metabolic health in breast cancer risk. Conditions like diabetes and insulin resistance can increase the chance of developing breast cancer, especially after menopause. High insulin levels promote cell growth and reduce cell death, which can encourage cancer development. Obesity and poor metabolism also cause hormonal imbalances that contribute to breast cancer. Managing blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, and medical care is therefore important for lowering risk.

Environmental ExposuresExposure to certain environmental factors can also raise breast cancer risk. Ionizing radiation, such as from medical treatments like chest radiotherapy, significantly increases the chance of breast cancer, especially if exposure happens at a young age. Some chemicals, including endocrine disruptors found in plastics and cosmetics, may interfere with hormone systems and promote cancer. Pollution and heavy metals like cadmium have also been linked to higher breast cancer risk. Minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure and using safer products can help reduce risk.

Mount Etna erupts mid-tourist season (Image source: Reuters)

On June 2, 2025, Italy’s iconic Mount Etna erupted violently, sending a towering plume of volcanic ash into the sky and prompting immediate emergency measures across eastern Sicily. The sudden eruption not only startled tourists but also caused widespread panic and significant disruption to the region’s thriving tourism industry. Popular among adventurers, geologists, and vacationers, the region around Mount Etna was hit hardest as volcanic ash blanketed roads, trails, and towns.Though no casualties have been reported, the eruption has raised concerns about travel safety, emergency preparedness, and environmental impact. With seismic tremors still active and the possibility of further eruptions, Italian authorities are urging both residents and tourists to remain cautious. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the eruption, the current situation, and its implications for travelers and locals alike.

According to the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV), the eruption began on the evening of June 2, with tremors first recorded around 10 PM local time. Within three hours, Strombolian activity—characterized by periodic explosive bursts of lava—had intensified dramatically. By 1 AM, ash plumes had reached altitudes of 6,400 meters (21,000 feet), visible from miles away.Videos shared on social media showed tourists fleeing from lava trails and ash showers as sirens blared in nearby villages. Streets, parked cars, and restaurant patios were quickly covered in a thick layer of ash. Emergency services were activated immediately to aid evacuations and close off high-risk areas.

The eruption has led to temporary closure of trekking trails, guided tours, and observation platforms around Mount Etna. Popular towns such as Zafferana Etnea, Nicolosi, and Linguaglossa, which serve as gateways to Etna excursions, are experiencing a sharp decline in tourist activity due to ash accumulation and ongoing safety concerns.Hotels in the region have begun receiving cancellations, and tourism boards are working closely with civil protection agencies to redirect visitors to safer parts of Sicily.Despite the eruption, Catania–Fontanarossa Airport (Vincenzo Bellini Airport) remains operational. Outbound flights are largely unaffected, but inbound flights from major cities such as Rome, Milan, and Berlin have faced minor delays and rerouting to avoid the ash cloud.The Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) initially issued a Code Red aviation warning, which is used for large ash events that could severely impact air traffic. This has since been downgraded to Code Orange, though pilots are still being advised to exercise extreme caution.Travelers are advised to check with their airlines or the airport’s official channels before heading out, as the situation can change rapidly depending on wind patterns and volcanic activity.

As of the latest reports, there have been no injuries or fatalities. Authorities emphasize that while the eruption is visually dramatic, it currently poses no direct threat to most residential areas. However, tourists in close proximity to the volcano have been evacuated as a precaution.Civil protection services are actively monitoring the volcano using drones, satellites, and ground instruments to detect changes in seismic patterns. Local residents have been advised to stay indoors, especially in areas where ashfall is heaviest, and to wear masks if they must go outside.

Mount Etna, located on the east coast of Sicily near Catania, is Europe’s most active volcano and one of the most monitored in the world. Classified as a stratovolcano, Mount Etna has been erupting for hundreds of thousands of years. It currently stands at approximately 3,329 meters (10,922 feet), though its height fluctuates with each eruption due to accumulated lava and ash.Etna’s volcanic activity is not new. It erupts several times a year, but this particular episode has been classified as one of the most intense in recent memory due to the sheer volume of ash and its sudden onset. Its frequent eruptions have earned it a UNESCO World Heritage Site status, and it remains a major attraction for tourists despite its volatility.

Health experts warn that exposure to volcanic ash, particularly PM10 and PM2.5 particles, can lead to respiratory issues, especially among:

Safety recommendations:

Flight disruptions due to volcanic eruptions are considered “extraordinary circumstances” under most airline policies. This means:

Travelers are advised to contact their airlines directly and review their insurance policies for eligibility.

Volcanologists are keeping a close watch on Mount Etna as seismic activity remains high. There is potential for further eruptions in the coming days, depending on pressure build-up and magma movement. The INGV continues to release hourly bulletins and warnings based on satellite imagery and geophysical data.Local authorities are also planning to deploy additional emergency response units if evacuation zones need to be expanded.